Diagnostics of malfunctions of knots and car systems
The owners of cars who are carrying out procedures of routine maintenance of the car Routine maintenance of the real Management to graphics extremely seldom agrees given in Head will be compelled to address to materials of this section. Reliability of knots and the components established on modern cars is so high that at timely performance of replacement worn out and failed as a result of aging of a material of details the probability of their sudden refusal is smallest. Refusals extremely seldom occur spontaneously and usually of defect development (sometimes long) are a consequence. In particular, refusal of mechanical components is preceded always by emergence and development of the characteristic symptoms which are showing sometimes for many thousand kilometers of run to an exit of faulty knot out of operation. The same components which can fail unexpectedly usually are not vital for functioning of the main knots and car systems, or are easily replaced directly on the car in road conditions.
Fundamental step at identification of the reason of any refusal is the choice of a point of the beginning of searches. Often the reason appears rather obvious, however in certain cases it is necessary to work, making small investigation. The motorist who has made half-dozens of casual checks, replacements and corrections quite has chance to find a cause of failure (or its symptom), however in any way it is impossible to consider such approach reasonable, in view of its labor input and aimlessness of expenses of time and means. There is a quiet logic approach to search of the failed knot or a component much more effectively. Surely it is necessary to take into consideration everything preceding breakage, sometimes insignificant, symptoms and guarding signals, such as loss of capacity developed by the engine, change of indications of measuring instruments, emergence of unusual sounds and smells, etc. Do not forget that failure of such components as safety locks or spark plugs can be only a symptom more deeply the hidden violation.
Below rather simple scheme of diagnostics of most often occurring refusals is provided in this section. The reasons of violations and their symptoms are grouped in a sign of their relation to functioning of any concrete unit or system, for example: Engine, cooling System etc. In brackets references to the corresponding Chapters and the sections of the Management concerning functioning of components suspected of malfunction are given.
Regardless of the refusal nature identical base principles are put in a basis of investigation of its reason:
- Make sure of correctness of definition of symptoms of refusal. This means confidence of delimitation of the area of searches that is especially important with the help in refusal diagnostics to other motorist, which unable adequately to state symptoms of taking place violation.
- Try not to look through obvious violations. For example, if the engine is not started, do not hesitate to check availability of fuel in a fuel tank (thus it is not necessary to take on trust statements of the owner of the faulty car). In default electric equipments first of all it is necessary to check a condition and reliability of fastening of terminal connections of electroconducting, after it it is meaningful to get diagnostic devices.
- Try to eliminate a cause of failure, instead of its symptom. Replacement of the discharged battery new will help to make the engine start, however the taking place reason of a discharge of the old battery remains not eliminated that will lead to fast failure and new. Also replacement of the spark plugs filled in with oil (petrol engines) will allow to restore for some time serviceability of functioning of the engine, however its refusal by all means will soon repeat again (if the reason lay not simply in application of candles not that type).
- Do not take on trust any statements. Remember that the "new" component itself can appear faulty, in particular, if it long time lay in a luggage carrier - it is not necessary to exclude a component from the list checked only for the reason that it is new or is recently established. In case of neglect it is not necessary to be surprised with implementation of the made recommendation, when the cause of failure revealed at last will appear lying on a look from the very beginning.
Diagnostics of the general engine failures
The engine is not turned in attempt of its start
• Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them (address to Head Routine maintenance).
• The battery (is discharged or faulty see. Start and charge systems).
• Electroconducting of a chain of system of start is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections (see. Start and charge systems).
• The traction relay or the ignition switch (is faulty see. Start and charge systems).
• The starter electromotor (is faulty see. Start and charge systems).
• A teeth of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a flywheel wreath (see appropriate section of Head Repair of the engine and the section ignition System - petrol models) are broken off or worn-out.
• The tire of grounding of the engine is torn off, or weakened its terminal connection (see. Start and charge systems).
The engine is turned, however is not started
• The fuel tank is empty.
• The battery (the engine is turned too slowly) (is discharged see. Start and charge systems).
• Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them (address to Head Routine maintenance).
• Components of system of ignition - petrol models (are humidified or damaged see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and ignition System - petrol models).
• Electroconducting of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections - petrol models (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and ignition System - petrol models).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• The preheat system - diesel models (is faulty see. Preheat system - diesel models).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The electromagnetic locking valve - diesel models (is faulty see. Systems of decrease in toxicity and production of the fulfilled gases).
• Air got to a power supply system - diesel models (see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• Mechanical damage of the engine (for example, a camshaft drive) (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) takes place.
Start of the cold engine is complicated
• The battery (is discharged see. Start and charge systems).
• Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them (address to Head Routine maintenance).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (is broken see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• The preheat system - diesel models (is faulty see. Preheat system - diesel models).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The ignition system - petrol models (is faulty see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and ignition System - petrol models).
• Adjustment of the valve of turns of fast idling - diesel models (is broken see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• Kompressionny pressure (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) fell.
Start of the hot engine is complicated
• The filtering element of an air purifier is polluted, or its passableness (address to Head Routine maintenance) is otherwise broken.
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Kompressionny pressure (fell see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
Starter input in gearing is complicated, or is accompanied by extraneous noise
• Teeths of a driving gear wheel of a starter or a flywheel wreath (see appropriate section of Head Repair of the engine and the section ignition System - petrol models) are broken off or worn-out.
• Weakened or blurt out bolts of fastening of a starter (see. Start and charge systems).
• Internal components of a starter (are worn-out or damaged see. Start and charge systems).
The engine is started, but at once глохнет
• Electroconducting of a chain of system of ignition is torn off or is otherwise damaged, or weakened fastening of plugs of contact connections - petrol models (see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and ignition System - petrol models).
• Depression losses on the case of a throttle or the inlet pipeline - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Passableness of an injector / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
Stability of turns of idling is broken
• The filtering element of an air purifier (address to Head Routine maintenance) is blocked.
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (is broken see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Fell, or kompressionny pressure (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
• Working ledges of cams of a camshaft (are worn-out see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• The tightness of a belt/chain of a drive of GRM (is incorrectly adjusted see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (and) fuel injection - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
Ignition admissions take place at single turns of the engine
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (is broken see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• VV of a wire of spark plugs - petrol models (are faulty see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (A power supply system - petrol models) is faulty.
• The nozzle (and) fuel injection - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• Fell, or kompressionny pressure (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
• Hoses of system of ventilation of a case (are damaged, worn-out or were disconnected see. Systems of decrease in toxicity and production of the fulfilled gases).
Admissions of ignition take place at movement on transfer
• Passableness of the fuel filter (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it - petrol models (fell see. A power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Ventilation of a fuel tank is broken, or gasoline pipe lines (are blocked see. A power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (is broken see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• VV of a wire of spark plugs - petrol models (are faulty see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• The nozzle (and) fuel injection - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• The ignition coil - petrol models (is faulty see. Ignition system - petrol models).
• Fell, or kompressionny pressure (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
Stability of turns of the engine is broken during acceleration
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (is broken see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (and) fuel injection - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
Engine spontaneously глохнет
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Passableness of the fuel filter (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it - petrol models (fell see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Ventilation of a fuel tank is broken, or gasoline pipe lines (are blocked see. A power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (and) fuel injection - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
The capacity developed by the engine fell
• It is incorrectly established a belt/chain of a drive of GRM, or adjustment of effort of its tension (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) is broken.
• Passableness of the fuel filter (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• The fuel pump is faulty, or the pressure developed by it - petrol models (fell see. A power supply system - petrol models or the Power supply system - diesel models).
• Fell, or kompressionny pressure (see appropriate section of Head engine Repair) is non-uniformly distributed between cylinders.
• Spark plugs are worn-out or damaged, or installation of interelectrode gaps - petrol models (is broken see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models).
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (and) fuel injection - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• Installation of phases of injection of TNVD - diesel models (is broken see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• Brakes (are taken see. Heads Flowing обслуживаниеи Brake system).
• Coupling (revolves see. Head Coupling).
There are "shots" in system of production of the fulfilled gases
• It is incorrectly established a belt/chain of a drive of GRM, or adjustment of effort of its tension (is broken see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines).
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
The control lamp of pressure of oil continues to burn at the working engine
• Oil level fell, or oil not that grade (address to Head Routine maintenance) is filled.
• The sensor switch of a control lamp of pressure of oil (is faulty see. Start and charge systems).
• Bearings of the engine and/or the oil pump (are worn-out see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
• The working temperature of the engine (is excessively high see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The reduktsionny valve of pressure of oil (is faulty see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• Passableness of the mesh filter of a maslozabornik (is broken see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
The engine continues to work after ignition switching off
• The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye in the engine (takes place see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
• The working temperature of the engine (is excessively high see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The locking valve breaker of shutdown of supply of fuel - diesel engines (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
Extraneous noise at operation of the engine
The knocks caused by too early ignition or a detonation during acceleration or at increase of loading
• Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition / is broken the ignition system - petrol models (is faulty see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models and ignition System - petrol models).
• Spark plugs not that type - petrol engines (address to Head Routine maintenance) are established.
• Fuel not that grade (address to Head Routine maintenance) is filled.
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The excessive nagaroobrazovaniye in the engine (takes place see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
• Passableness of an injector (ов) / is broken the system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
Whistle or sipeniye
• Depression losses on the throttle case, the inlet pipeline or through connecting hoses - petrol models (take place see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• Leakages of the fulfilled gases in system of release or through a joint of a reception pipe with a final collector (see appropriate section of Head of the Power supply system and release) take place.
• Depression losses through vacuum hoses (see appropriate section of Head of the Power supply system and release) take place.
• Laying of a head of cylinders (is punched see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
Gnash or roar
• Components of a drive of valves or a camshaft (are worn-out see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - petrol engines or the Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
• Auxiliary units (the water pump, the generator, etc.) (are faulty see. Heads of System of cooling, heating, engine Electric equipment etc.).
Deaf knock
• Bearings of the bottom heads of rods (the regular heavy knock sometimes decreasing at increase of loading) (are worn-out see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
• Radical bearings of a cranked shaft (a roar which is probably amplifying with increase of loading) (are worn-out see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
• Knock of pistons (it is most intensive at the cold engine) (see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
• Auxiliary units (the water pump, the generator, etc.) (are faulty see. Heads of System of cooling, heating, engine Electric equipment etc.).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of system of cooling
Overheat
• Level of cooling liquid fell in system (address to Head Routine maintenance).
• The thermostat (is faulty see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• Passableness of a radiator is broken or its lattice (is blocked see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The thermosensitive sensor switch of the electric fan of system of cooling (is faulty see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The radiator cover (is damaged see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition / is broken the ignition system - petrol models (is faulty see. Routine maintenance of the car - petrol models or ignition System - petrol models).
• Indications of the sensor of temperature (are inexact see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The path of system of cooling is blocked by an air stopper (address to Head Routine maintenance).
Overcooling
• The thermostat (is faulty see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• Indications of the sensor of temperature (are inexact see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
External leakages of cooling liquid take place
• Hoses or shlangovy collars (address to Head Routine maintenance) are damaged mechanically or as a result of material aging.
• The radiator or the heater heat exchanger (is damaged see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The radiator cover (is faulty see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• The epiploon of the water pump (is damaged see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• There was a boiling up of cooling liquid as a result of an overheat (see. Head of System of cooling, heating).
• Vyzhimny jams of a water shirt of the block of the engine (are damaged see. Removal and major maintenance of the engine).
Internal leakages of cooling liquid take place
• Laying of a head of cylinders (is punched see. Head engine Repair).
• The head of cylinders or the block (is burst see. Head engine Repair).
Strong corrosion of components takes place
• The oporozhneniye and washing of system of cooling (address to Head Routine maintenance) are insufficiently often made.
• Water and antifreeze are incorrectly mixed, or antifreeze not that grade (address to Head Routine maintenance) is applied.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of power supply systems and production of the fulfilled gas
Fuel consumption is excessive
• The filtering element of an air purifier is polluted or its passableness (address to Head Routine maintenance) is otherwise broken.
• The system of injection of fuel - petrol models (is faulty see. A power supply system - petrol models).
• The nozzle (and) - diesel models (is faulty see. A power supply system - diesel models).
• Installation of a corner of an advancing of ignition / is broken the ignition system - petrol models (is faulty see. Head Flowing обслуживаниеи the section ignition System - petrol models).
• Pressure of a rating of tires (address to Head Routine maintenance) does not suffice.
Leakages of fuel take place, or distinctly smells as gasoline
• The fuel tank, gasoline pipe lines or shtutserny connections (are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development see. Head of the Power supply system and release).
It is excessively noisy works or the system of production of the fulfilled gases smokes
• Leakages of the fulfilled gases through joints of a final collector or sections of system of release (take place see. Head of the Power supply system and release).
• Exhaust silencers or pipes of system of release (are damaged mechanically or as a result of corrosion development see. Heads Flowing обслуживаниеи the Power supply system and release).
• As a result of damage of pendant support the system of release contacts at movement to body or suspension bracket components (address to Head Routine maintenance).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of coupling
The pedal of coupling fails to a floor practically without resistance or with very insignificant resistance
• Air got to hydraulic system / the main or executive cylinder (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• The hummock drive of switching off of coupling (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• The bearing, or a fork of switching off of coupling (is broken vyzhimny see. Head Coupling).
• The diafragmenny spring of a press disk of coupling (is broken see. Head Coupling).
There is no coupling switching off (it is impossible to choose transfer)
• The hummock drive of switching off of coupling (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• The conducted disk is jammed on shlitsa of primary shaft of a transmission (see. Head Coupling).
• The conducted disk "became attached" to a flywheel or a press disk (see. Head Coupling).
• Assembly of a basket of coupling (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• The mechanism of switching off of coupling (is worn-out or incorrectly collected see. Head Coupling).
Coupling revolves (turns of the engine raise without increase in speed of movement of the car)
• The hummock drive of switching off of coupling (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• Frictional overlays of a conducted disk (are excessively worn-out see. Head Coupling).
• Frictional overlays of a conducted disk are polluted by oil or greasing (see. Head Coupling).
• The basket of coupling is faulty or weakened the effort, a developed diafragmenny spring of a press disk (see. Head Coupling).
At inclusion of coupling there is a vibration
• Frictional overlays of a conducted disk (are excessively worn-out see. Head Coupling).
• Frictional overlays of a conducted disk are polluted by oil or greasing (see. Head Coupling).
• The cable of a drive of switching off of coupling (is jammed or was wiped see. Head Coupling).
• The disk or a diafragmenny spring (is faulty or deformed press see. Head Coupling).
• Support of the power unit are worn-out, or weakened their fastening (see. Head engine Repair).
• Shlitsa of primary shaft of a transmission or a nave of a conducted disk (are worn-out see. Head Coupling).
During the squeezing or an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling there are extraneous noise
• The bearing (is worn-out vyzhimny see. Head Coupling).
• Plugs of a pedal of coupling (are worn-out or overdried see. Head Coupling).
• Assembly of a basket of coupling (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• The diafragmenny spring of a press disk (is broken see. Head Coupling).
• Torsionny springs of a conducted disk (are broken see. Head Coupling).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of a manual box of gear shifting
The box established on neutral transfer publishes noise at operation of the engine
• Bearings of primary shaft (noise appear at an otpuskaniye of a pedal of coupling and disappear at its squeezing) (are worn-out see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• The coupling bearing (noise appear at the squeezed-out pedal of coupling and can decrease at its otpuskaniye) (is worn-out vyzhimny see. Head Coupling).
Noise arise on any concrete transfer
• Teeths of gear wheels (are worn-out, chopped off or are otherwise damaged see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
Gear shifting is complicated
• Coupling (is faulty see. Head Coupling).
• Components of the mechanism of a drive of gear shifting (are worn-out or damaged see. Manual box of gear shifting).
• Blocks of synchronizers (are worn-out see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
The box "comes off" the chosen transfer
• Components of the mechanism of a drive of gear shifting (are worn-out or damaged see. Manual box of gear shifting).
• Blocks of synchronizers (are worn-out see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• Switching forks (are worn-out see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• Gear shifting forks (are worn-out see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
Vibrations take place
• Level of transmission oil (address to Head Routine maintenance) fell.
• Bearings (are worn-out see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
Leakages of transmission oil take place
• The target epiploon of differential (is damaged see. Manual box of gear shifting).
• Leaks through case joints (see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
• The epiploon of primary shaft (is damaged see. Manual box of gear shifting) *.
* Though elimination of similar malfunctions lies outside the limits of qualification of the average amateur mechanic, this information will appear useful at communication with the professional.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of automatic transmission
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In view of complexity of a design of AT to the average amateur mechanic will be inconveniently enough exact to carry out diagnostics of its refusals and regenerative repair. In case of problems, excellent from listed below, the owner of the car should address for the help to experts of a workshop of car-care center. It is not necessary to hurry also with demontazhy faulty transmission as its many checks are made by in situ (on a regular place). |
Leakages of ATF
• ATF usually has dark color. It is not necessary to confuse traces of its leak to those from impellent oil - the last can communicate on a case of transmission by a running stream of air.
• For identification of a source of leak, first of all, it is necessary to clear a case of transmission and surfaces surrounding it of dirt and greasing (use a qualitative obezzhirivatel or execute steam cleaning of the unit). Make on the car a short trip with low speed of movement (that traces of leak did not communicate far from its source). To Poddomkratta the car also establish it on props. Examine a transmission case, visually revealing sources of leakage of ATF. Most often as those act:
- The pallet of a case of transmission (see. Head Routine maintenance and section Automatic transmission)
- A directing tube measuring щупа (see. Head Routine maintenance and section Automatic transmission)
- Tubes of connection of transmission with a cooler of ATF and their unions (see. Automatic transmission)
ATF has brown color or smells as ashes
• ATF level fell in transmission, or liquid needs replacement (address to Head Routine maintenance).
Common problems with a choice of transfers take place
• In the section Automatic transmission procedures of check and adjustment of a driving cable of the selector of transfers of AT are described. Most common problems which can appear connected with violation of adjustment of a driving cable below are listed:
- The engine is started in situation, distinct from "R" or “N”;
- The provision of transmission highlighted on the display panel differs from the actually chosen;
- The car is actuated at the transmission established in the situation "R" or "N";
- There are difficulties with a choice or gear shifting.
• The description of procedure of adjustment of a driving cable of the mechanism of the selector is provided in the section Automatic transmission.
- There is no automatic switching of transmission on a low gear (Kick-Down mode) at complete squeezing of a pedal of gas.
• ATF level (address to Head Routine maintenance) fell.
• Adjustment of a driving cable of a choice of transfers (is broken see. Automatic transmission).
The engine is not started, or the R or “N” is started in the provision of transmission, excellent from“
• Adjustment of the sensor switch of permission of start (is broken see. Automatic transmission).
• Adjustment of a driving cable of a choice of transfers (is broken see. Automatic transmission).
Transmission "comes off" the chosen situation, is switched hardly or with noise, or does not provide car progress forward or back
• There is a set of the possible reasons of the listed refusals, however one of them gets to the sphere of competence of the average amateur mechanic - violation of level of ATF only. Check, in case of need make adjustment liquid and filter level/replacement, in parallel check ATF condition (address to Head Routine maintenance). In all other cases the car should be driven away for diagnostics and regenerative transmission repairs/replacements in a car-care center workshop.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of power shafts
The gnash and knock take place during turn commission (at small speed of movement and the steering wheel turned against the stop)
• There was a loss of greasing of the CV JOINT, most likely owing to damage of a protective cover (see. Head Power shafts).
• The external CV JOINT of a power shaft (is worn-out see. Head Power shafts).
During acceleration / деселерации there are vibrations
• The CV JOINT (is worn-out see. Head Power shafts).
• Will bend or is otherwise deformed a power shaft (see. Head Power shafts).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of hydraulic system
Losses of pressure of hydraulic liquid take place
• Passableness of filters of the tank (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• Leaks through feeding tube of the pump (take place see. Head Uniform hydraulic system).
• The pressure regulator (is faulty see. Head Uniform hydraulic system).
• Weakened the gate of dumping of pressure of a regulator (see. Head Uniform hydraulic system).
Hydraulic pressure is excessively high
• The pressure regulator (is faulty see. Head Uniform hydraulic system).
Pressure losses in a hydraulic path of an active suspension bracket take place
• The safety valve (is faulty see. Head Uniform hydraulic system).
• The regulator of size of a road gleam (is faulty see. Heads Uniform hydraulic system both Running gear and steering).
• The hydraulic block of an active suspension bracket (is faulty see. Heads Uniform hydraulic system both Running gear and steering).
• The road gleam (is incorrectly adjusted see. Heads Uniform hydraulic system both Running gear and steering).
Losses of pressure of brake liquid take place
• The valve of management of the jack (is faulty see. Heads Uniform hydraulic system both Running gear and steering).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of brake system
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Before coming to conclusion about refusal of brake system check a condition and pressure of a rating of tires, and also uniformity of loading of the car. Diagnostics of any refusals of ABS, except for check of a condition of shtutserny connections of hydraulic tubes and hoses, should be made at car repair shop.
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When braking course stability of the car is broken
• Brake shoes from one of car boards (are worn-out, damaged or greasy see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• The support piston / the wheel cylinder of one of mechanisms is jammed, or its moving (is complicated see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• From different boards of the car brake blocks/boots with frictional overlays of various type (are established see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• Weakened bolts of fastening of a support of the brake mechanism (address to Head Brake system).
• Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket (are worn-out or damaged see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
During braking there are extraneous noise (a gnash or high-frequency squeal)
• Frictional overlays of brake shoes (are worn-out to substrate metal see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• The brake disk - usually after long parking (is damaged by corrosion see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• Between a disk and a board the extraneous subject (for example, a stone) (got see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
For a stop of the car applying of excessively big effort to a brake pedal is required
• Primary or secondary hydraulic contour (address to Head Brake system) is faulty.
• The piston (and) a support (address to Head Brake system) is jammed.
• Incorrectly brake shoes (are established see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• Blocks not that type (are established see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• Frictional overlays of brake blocks/boots (are polluted see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
During braking there is a vibration transferred to a brake pedal or a steering wheel
• Excessive palpation of a brake disk (takes place see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• Frictional overlays of brake shoes (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
• Weakened bolts of fastening of a support (address to Head Brake system).
• Components of a suspension bracket either a steering drive, or a support (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance and Brake system).
Brakes "are taken"
• The piston (and) a support (address to Head Brake system) is jammed.
• Adjustment of the parking brake (address to Head Brake system) is broken.
Back wheels are blocked at normal braking
• The hydraulic system (is faulty see. Heads Uniform hydraulic system and Brake system).
Diagnostics of malfunctions of a suspension bracket and steering
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Before starting checks of components of a suspension bracket and a steering drive make sure that a cause of infringement is not the wrong rating of tires, installation of wheels of a various standard size or "prikhvatyvaniye" of brakes.
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Course stability of the car is broken
• Defect of tires (address to Head Routine maintenance) takes place.
• Components of a suspension bracket or a steering drive (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is broken.
• Components of a suspension bracket or a steering drive are damaged as a result of failure (address to Head Routine maintenance).
Takes place люфт wheels and the increased vibration of the car
• Balancing of forward wheels (vibration is most considerably transferred through a steering wheel) (is broken see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Balancing of back wheels (vibration is most considerably transferred through a car body) (is broken see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Rims (are damaged or deformed see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Tires (address to Head Routine maintenance) are damaged.
• Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Weakened bolts of fastening of wheels (and) (see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
On turns and when braking there is "galloping" and/or car rocking
• Suspension bracket components (are damaged see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• The stabilizer of cross-section stability, or its support (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is worn-out or damaged.
Roving or the general course instability of the car takes place
• Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is broken.
• Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Balancing of wheels (is broken see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Tires (address to Head Routine maintenance) are faulty.
• Weakened bolts of fastening of wheels (and) (see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
Excessively hardly the steering wheel turns
• Level of working liquid of system of hydrostrengthening of a wheel (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) fell.
• The hinge of a tip of steering draft or a spherical support of the lever of a suspension bracket (is jammed see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Adjustment of corners of installation of forward wheels (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is broken.
• Pognuta or is damaged a steering rack or a column (address to Head the Running gear and a steering).
It is excessive люфт a steering wheel
• The kardanny hinge (ы) an intermediate shaft of a steering column (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is worn-out.
• Hinges of tips of steering drafts (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Reechny transfer (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is worn-out.
• Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
Wear of tires is excessive
The increased wear of an internal or external part of a protector
• Tires (wear of both edges) (address to Head Routine maintenance) are pumped insufficiently up.
• Adjustment of disorder or a longitudinal inclination of an axis of turn of a wheel (wear of a protector from one of edges) (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• Components of a steering drive or a suspension bracket, or their spherical hinges and/or rezinometallichesky plugs (are worn-out see. Heads Routine maintenance both Running gear and steering).
• Speed on turns does not decrease.
• Mechanical damage to result of failure takes place.
Scaly wear (obtrepyvaniye) of a protector
• Convergence installation (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is broken.
Wear of the central part of a protector
• Tires are pumped over (address to Head Routine maintenance).
Wear of internal and external edges of a protector
• Tires недокачаны (address to Head Routine maintenance).
Non-uniform wear of a protector
• Tire/wheel balancing (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• Excessively lateral palpation of a disk or the tire (address to Head Routine maintenance).
• The tire (address to Head Routine maintenance) is damaged.
Diagnostics of malfunctions of systems of electric equipment
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The problems connected with refusal in system of start are considered above in subsection Diagnostics of the general engine failures. |
The battery does not "hold" a charge
• Internal defect of the battery (takes place see. Start and charge systems).
•· Polar plugs of the battery are oxidized, or weakened fastening of tips of wires on them (address to Head Routine maintenance).
• The driving belt of auxiliary units is worn-out, or adjustment of effort of its tension (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• The generator does not give out a demanded current of a charge (see. Start and charge systems).
• The generator or a tension regulator (is faulty see. Start and charge systems).
• There is a battery discharge owing to short circuit in a chain (see. Start and charge systems and Onboard electric equipment).
The control lamp of an ignition/charge continues to burn at the working engine
• The driving belt of auxiliary units is worn-out or torn off, or adjustment of effort of its tension (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• Contact brushes of the generator (are worn-out, jammed or polluted see. Start and charge systems).
• Shchetochny springs of the generator (weakened or are broken see. Start and charge systems).
• Internal defect of the generator or a tension regulator (takes place see. Start and charge systems).
• Electroconducting of a contour of a charge is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (see. Start and charge systems).
The control lamp of an ignition/charge does not light up at engine start
• Fused an incandescence thread (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The generator (is faulty see. Start and charge systems).
Lighting devices do not function
• The lamp (ы) (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) fused.
• The socle of a lamp or contacts of the boss (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is oxidized.
• Fused a safety lock (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• Electroconducting is damaged, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The switch (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Accuracy or stability of indications of devices is broken
Indications raise with increase in turns of the engine
• The tension regulator (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
There are no indications of the sensor of fuel consumption or engine temperature
• The sensor (is faulty see. Heads of System of cooling, heating and Power supply system and release).
• Electroconducting (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is torn off.
• The measuring instrument (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
The fuel consumption or temperature sensor constantly issues the maximum indication
• The sensor (is faulty see. Heads of System of cooling, heating and Power supply system and release).
• Electroconducting (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is torn off.
• The measuring instrument (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Horn functioning is broken
The horn constantly gives out a sound signal
• The button of inclusion of a horn is jammed pressed, (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Short circuit on mass of electroconducting of a horn (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) takes place.
The horn does not give out a sound signal
• Fused a safety lock (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The horn (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
The horn gives out too weak, or an unstable signal
• Weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Weakened horn fastening (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The horn (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Functioning of screen wipers (forward/back) is broken
Screen wipers do not move, or move too slowly
• Brushes "became attached" to glass, or driving draft (is jammed/is deformed see. Heads Routine maintenance and Onboard electric equipment).
• Fused a safety lock (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• The driving electromotor (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Scope of brushes is excessively great/is small
• Levers of screen wipers (leads) (address to Head Routine maintenance) are incorrectly planted on spindles.
• Driving draft (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is worn-out.
• Weakened electromotor or draft fastening (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
Brushes do not clear glass
• Rubber working elements (address to Head Routine maintenance) are worn-out.
• Rastyazhny springs of levers are broken, or levers are jammed on axes (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• In liquid of washing of glass the corresponding cleaner necessary for removal of a road film (address to Head Routine maintenance) is not added.
Functioning of stekloomyvatel (forward/back) is broken
The one does not function or the several snuffled
• Passableness of a nozzle (address to Head Routine maintenance) is broken.
• The submitting hose is disconnected, or its passableness owing to blocking or a perekruchivaniye (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is broken.
• There is not enough liquid in the tank (address to Head Routine maintenance).
The pump of supply of liquid does not function
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Fused a safety lock (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The switch (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• The pump (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Liquid starts to move with a delay after turning on of the pump
• The unilateral valve in a submitting hose (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Functioning of the electric drive of window regulators is broken
Glasses move only in one direction
• The switch (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Glass moves too slowly
• It is damaged, jammed, or the regulator (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) needs greasing.
• Internal components of a door, or its internal upholstery disturb regulator functioning (address to Head the Body and salon furnish).
• The driving electromotor (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) is faulty.
Glass does not move at all
• Fused a safety lock (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The driving electromotor (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
Functioning of the uniform lock is broken
The system does not function at all
• Fused a safety lock (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The relay (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• The control unit (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) is faulty.
The latch is blocked, but not released, or on the contrary
• The main switch (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• Executive rods or levers (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) are broken or disconnected.
• The relay (address to Head Onboard electric equipment) is faulty.
• The control unit (address to Head the Running gear and a steering) is faulty.
One of management motors/electromagnets does not function
• Electroconducting is torn off, or weakened fastening of terminal connections (address to Head Onboard electric equipment).
• Executive assembly (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) is faulty.
• Executive rods or levers (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) are broken, jammed or disconnected.
• The lock latch (address to Head the Body and salon furnish) is faulty.
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